11/18/2022 0 Comments Su vs sudoAliases! Yeah the Linux utility where a long-lengthy command or a list of command can be referred as a small and easy keyword.Ī few a lias Examples, which can be used in place of entry in ‘ sudo‘ configuration file. If this list of command varies to the range, where it is literally not possible to type each command manually we need to use aliases. If the number of commands, user is supposed to run is under 10, we can place all the commands alongside, with white space in between them, as shown below: mark beta.database_=(cat) /usr/bin/command1 /usr/sbin/command2 /usr/sbin/command3. What if the user needs to be granted several commands? To implement the above situation, we can write ‘sudo’ as: mark beta.database_=(cat) dog You have a sudo user ‘ cat‘ which is supposed to run command ‘ dog‘ only. Q2.You have a user ‘ tom‘ which is supposed to execute system command as user other than root on the same Database Server, above Explained.įor the above situation the ‘ sudo‘ line can be written as: mark beta.database_=(tom) ALL You are supposed to provide him all the access on Database Server ( beta.database_) only, and not on any host.įor the above situation the ‘ sudo‘ line can be written as: mark beta.database_=(ALL) ALL You have a user mark which is a Database Administrator. Some of the Situations, and their corresponding ‘ sudo‘ line: Suggested Read: 10 Useful Sudoers Configurations for Setting ‘sudo’ in Linux Command: command or a set of commands which user may run.This column lets you allows users to execute System Commands. (Effective_user): The ‘Effective user’ that are allowed to execute the commands.Useful when you have lots of host machines. Machine_name: This is the host name, in which ‘ sudo‘ command is valid.User_name: This is the name of ‘ sudo‘ user.The above Syntax can be divided into four parts: The Syntax of configured ‘ sudo‘ line is: User_name Machine_name=(Effective_user) command root ALL=(ALL) ALLĪ properly configured ‘sudo‘ is very flexible and number of commands that needs to be run may be precisely configured. In many situation, System Administrator, specially new to the field finds the string “ root ALL=(ALL) ALL” as a template and grants unrestricted access to others which may be potentially very harmful.Įditing ‘ /usr/sbin/visudo’ file to something like the below pattern may really be very dangerous, unless you believe all the listed users completely. Note: You must be root to edit /usr/sbin/visudo file. The sudo list looks like the below string, by default: root ALL=(ALL) ALL $ sudo /usr/sbin/visudoĪ screen shot of ‘ /usr/sbin/visudo‘ file, looks something like this: If you run the following commands: $ sudo -sįrom this, you can see that sudo -s does not simulate an initial login, and does not change $HOME.We can run ‘ /usr/sbin/visudo‘ to add/remove the list of users who can execute ‘ sudo‘. Meanwhile, sudo -s starts a new shell but without simulating initial login - login files are not read and $HOME is still set to your user's home folder. This also means sudo -i reads login files like. Hence, you can see that sudo -i simulates an initial root login, including changing the home folder ( $HOME) to root's, rather than your own. If you run the following commands: $ sudo -i Hence, if you are on a default *buntu install, where root login is disabled, sudo -i can be used while su and its variants cannot. The primary difference between sudo -i and su - is that sudo -i can be executed using a sudoer's password, while su - must be executed with the root account's password. Sudo -i runs a login shell with root privileges, simulating an initial login with root, acting similar to su. Note: This answer has been heavily edited since its last iteration based on Eliah Kagan's comments.
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